Normalizing the Subject: Reading Foucault with Lacan through the Bourne Trilogy

February 19th, 2010 by Nagypál Tamás


Introduction


In this paper I will examine three recent Hollywood blockbusters known as the Bourne-trilogy from a Foucauldian and psychoanalytic standpoint, trying to bring the two perspectives as close to each other as possible. The films, based on the popular series of spy novels by Robert Ludlum, and hailed for their more realistic “anti-Bond” approach to the topic, feature an amnesiac secret agent of the CIA, trying to (re)construct his identity while running from the long arms of the law. Accordingly, in the focus of my study are the different modes subject-formation these movies present us with. I will show that the first of the three films, The Bourne Identity can be viewed as an illustration of Foucault’s theory about the discursive production of the subject and its immanence to the relations of power. I’m also interested in how this film delineates the possibility of resistance to a specific form of power which, following the thought of the late Foucault, I will identify as the imperative of “know yourself”. My claim is that the director ultimately refuses the framework of an identity based on the knowledge about the self and moves towards a conclusion that resembles Foucault’s late philosophy about the ethics of the subject or the care of the self. Read More…

The Feminine Act and the Cynical Masculine Gaze in Lars Von Trier’s Breaking the Waves

February 19th, 2010 by Nagypál Tamás


Lars Von Trier’s Breaking the Waves tells the story of Bess, a simple minded, deeply religious girl, member of a small and secluded Presbyterian community in Scotland, marrying Jan, an oil rig worker from the south. The village and her family, already suspicious about the outsider, turn more and more hostile as Bess immerses into the euphoria unleashed by her sexual awakening. She just loves her husband too much, as she herself puts it, so when he has to leave for work on the oil rig, she has a hard time coping with his absence. She prays to God to bring him back early, a wish that is unexpectedly granted due to a tragic turn of events: Jan gets paralyzed in an accident on the rig. Feeling guilty for causing the accident, Bess is ready to do anything to make her husband live. Thus when he asks her to have sex with other men and then tell him the stories in detail so that he’ll feel better, despite her initial resistance she finally accepts the role that will lead to her total exclusion from the community. Read More…

Coming Out As Heterosexual: A Psychoanalytic Approach

February 19th, 2010 by Nagypál Tamás


Introduction


In this paper I’d like to examine the discourse of coming out as heterosexual as ultimately asymmetrical to the ones involving sexual minorities. Using Judith Butler’s critique of gender identity as a starting point, I will develop the concept of the heterosexual coming out as the blind spot of Butler’s and Laclau’s politics of non-identity. I’ll draw on Slavoj Zizek’s psychoanalytic theory of the disavowed inherent transgression to supplement Butler’s notion of gender performativity in critiquing heteronormativity. Finally I’ll present the differences of the two theoretical frameworks through the case of a media quarrel between Sarah Palin and David Letterman that happened earlier this year.

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Ethics and Masculinity in Jean-Pierre Melville’s Samourai and John Woo’s The Killer

February 19th, 2010 by Nagypál Tamás


A szamuráj


Jean-Pierre Melville (1917-1973) francia filmrendező; a kritikusok 1967-ben, Alan Delon főszereplésével készült, A szamuráj (Le Samouraï) c. filmjét pályája csúcspontjának tartják. A hongkongi „szerzői akciófilmes” John Woo (1946-) ezt a filmet idézi meg (inkább amolyan homage-ként, semmint igazi remake-et készítve) az 1989-es A bérgyilkos-ban. Többről van szó azonban egyszerű tisztelgésnél; Woo filmje(i) tekinthető(k) a francia mester továbbgondolásának, műve, művei kiteljesítésének.

A szamuráj főhőse Jef Costello (Delon), a bérgyilkos. Életét akcióinak precíz, minden részletre kiterjedő megtervezése és hidegvérű végrehajtása tölti ki. Kifogástalan eleganciával öltözködik, mindig öltönyt és nyakkendőt hord, kalapját gondosan megigazítja. Arca mindig rezzenéstelen, történjen bármi, érzelmei nem árulják el. Lakóhelye egyetlen, szegényesen berendezett szoba, csak a legszükségesebb tárgyakkal és bútorokkal, továbbá egy kanárival egy kalitkában a szoba közepén. Emberekkel csak munkájával kapcsolatosan érintkezik. Van ugyan egy menyasszonya, de csak hogy alibit szolgáltasson gyilkosság idejére. Igazi profi tehát, akinek professzionalizmusa tudatos önkorlátozásában áll, mellyel kiiktat életéből minden fölösleges elemet, ami hátráltathatná, eltéríthetné, elárulhatná.

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The Will To Surface: Baz Lhurman’s Romeo + Juliet (1996)

February 19th, 2010 by Nagypál Tamás


Baz Luhrmann (1962-) ausztrál filmrendező, aki a Kötelező táncok (Strictly Ballroom) c. munkájával vált ismertté 1992-ben. Azóta még összesen két filmet rendezett, közülük az első a Rómeó + Júlia (1996), a másik, máig utolsó filmje pedig a Moulin Rouge! (2001). A tény, hogy 4-5 évente forgat csupán (ráadásul saját forgatókönyvből), a „szerzői filmes” státuszával ruházza föl, persze szigorúan a populáris műfaji kereteken belül maradva (hiszen filmjei nagyköltségvetésű hollywoodi produkciók). Mégis, filmjein egyértelműen érezhető az igyekezet, hogy a szórakoztatóipar paneleit felhasználva magáról a szórakoztatóiparról, mint egy korszak mozgatórugójáról mondjanak valamit (ezáltal mintegy ki is lépve belőle). A film értelmezését ennek az állításnak a kibontására próbálom majd felépíteni.

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Review: Uwe Boll – Alone In The Dark (2005)

February 19th, 2010 by Nagypál Tamás


Már a felvezető „tájékoztató jellegű”, véget érni nem akaró szöveg-áradat és a fáradt narrátor-hang gondoskodik a kényelemérzet felfüggesztéséről. A kötelező sablon világosság és sötétség felállást épp hogy csak említik, hogy átadhassa a helyet Boll zavarba ejtően szenvtelen rajongásának a sötét erők iránt. Valami ősi civilizáció nem tudott ellenállni a kísértésnek, hogy rászabadítsa a világra a mindent elpusztító gonoszt. A katasztrófa most megismétlődhet, tehát megismételjük – ígéri a felütés.

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The Return of the Real Father: A Psychoanalytic Understanding of Evangelical Discourses on Sex

January 15th, 2010 by Nagypál Tamás


Introduction


When we think of Evangelicals and sex, we think of repression. We should think again, according to Dagmar Herzog’s book Sex in Crisis[1]. Since the late 90s, we are witnessing an astounding shift in the nature of the religious right’s discourses on sex, a movement towards solicitation rather than prohibition, or to put it bluntly, towards “Christian pornography” (Herzog). In this paper, I will follow Herzog’s description of this move, but give a slightly different, psychoanalytic interpretation to it. My emphasis will be on the way which Evangelicals undermine the liberal democratic consensus on sexual equality based on heteronormativity, and with it the functioning of the symbolic law. As a central figure of this move I’ll present, following Herzog, the new ideal of the real man.

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Review: Ulli Lommel – Borderline Cult (2007)

January 14th, 2010 by Nagypál Tamás


Film a mexikói határ mentén tanyát vert három sorozatgyilkos ámokfutásáról; Ulli Lommel valós eseményeken alapuló DTV-horror ciklusának újabb darabja. Noha maga a rendező ezúttal nem tűnik fel, az életmű legújabb szakaszának összefoglalását kapjuk sűrített formában.

A három szociopata furcsa együttélését a szükség diktálja: egyéni tömeggyilkos ambícióik megvalósításához a munkafolyamat felosztásán keresztül visz az út.

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The Gaze of the Believer VI.

January 14th, 2010 by Nagypál Tamás

Confession of Love in Slumdog Millionaire


Finally, let’s look at the finale of Slumdog Millionaire and try to delineate the theatrics of the love confession it presents us with. The game show setting itself quite clearly positions the main character of the movie (Jamal) as the Nietzschean ascetic priest, performing his confessions about episodes of suffering in his past (as witnessing the death of his mother, being used as a beggar by criminals etc.) in front of an audience of believers and the representative of the big Other in the figure of show’s host. In the latter, we can witness from the start the split between subject supposed to know and not to know as he both knows all the answers and is completely ignorant about Jamal’s personal experience (of jouissance) that gives him the key to the questions. The split between subject supposed to believe and not to believe is played out as well, the latter manifested in the ruthless police interrogator while the former in his benevolent and naïve assistant[1]. Jamal as a subject is stretched out in this matrix and is asked to confess. He does, and the excess in every one of his narrated fragment works as the driving force of the game (and the film’s plot): it helps to push forward to the next question, to a higher level. This part of the movie fits perfectly the Nietzschean model of the guilt-suffering-machine.

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The Gaze of the Believer V.

January 14th, 2010 by Nagypál Tamás

Rorty’s Critique of Nietzsche


We thus can summarize Nietzsche’s critique of Strauss from a Lacanian point of view: he looks like an epigone, acts like an epigone, but don’t let that fool you, he is an epigone. It is to break out of this deadlock that Nietzsche proposes the destruction of the slave values, breaking with the machine of guilt, clearing of the air, and forgetting the baggage of the past so that new creation can be possible. Why would, however, the new values be different than the personalized master-signifiers of Strauss? Why would Nietzsche be the one with the hammer, the one with authority, which he clearly opts for, despite the ironic tone of his self-celebrating outbursts? This seems to be the gist of Richard Rorty’s liberal critique of Nietzsche[1]. Rorty splits Nietzsche in two, fully endorsing him as poet of new metaphors, that is, his perspectivism and irony, but refusing to accept his post-belief utopia about the Übermensch:

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